Analysis of the expression profile of rps19 in sepsis and a study on its value for high-performance diagnosis and immunomodulation

Sepsis is a life‑threatening syndrome driven by infection‑induced immune dysregulation. In this study, transcriptomic data (GSE243217) were analyzed by integrating DEG and WGCNA to screen sepsis‑related core modules and hub genes. PPI network and ROC analyses were applied to identify key diagnostic genes, while CIBERSORT was used to evaluate immune infiltration and gene‑immune correlations, with preliminary pharmacogenomic analysis performed.The MEbrown4 module (γ = 0.85) was strongly correlated with sepsis phenotypes, and RPS19 was recognized as the core hub gene. Functional enrichment indicated that RPS19 participates in immune response and protein synthesis. ROC analysis verified its perfect diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 1.0). Immune analysis showed that RPS19 expression was negatively correlated with pro‑inflammatory M0 macrophages and γδ T cells, implying its regulatory role in innate immunity during early sepsis. In addition, RPS19 may affect the sensitivity of sepsis patients to immunomodulatory drugs such as cisplatin.In conclusion, RPS19 serves as a promising diagnostic biomarker and immune regulator for sepsis, providing novel evidence for early molecular typing and targeted immune therapy.